Essay/Term paper: Bartleby, the failure

Essay, term paper, research paper:  English Literature Essays

Bartleby, the Failure

It is not rare, sometimes it is even common, that an author speaks about his or
her self in their works. Herman Melville's "Bartleby, the Scrivener" is often
considered such a story. Many of the characters in the story and images created
allude to Melville's writing career, which was generally deemed a failure. The
main character in the story can either be Bartleby or the narrator, but Melville
partially embodies both of them. We are understanding towards the narrator's
reasoning for keeping Bartleby and for the sympathy he shows for Bartleby. After
the general failure of Moby Dick, at least in Melville's time, he immediately
wrote Pierre, which was a deeply personal novel. This self pity could have been
continued in "Bartleby, the Scrivener". In addition, Bartleby seemed to feel
that continuing copying was worthless, possibly from spending many years in a
dead letter office. Melville probably felt this way, but needed to continue
writing to support his family. When Bartleby is in prison, he wastes away
without abruptly dying, a degeneration until the point no one notices his
absence. Melville had reached the prime of his popularity early in his career,
so when he published Moby Dick, his career was already in decline. His
disappointment was only to increase as his career diminished until his death
which was hardly noticed in the literary community. The narrator also resembles
Melville, but in a different way. Melville uses the narrator to view his own
situation from a 3rd person perspective. He attempts, and is somewhat
successful, in getting readers to feel sympathy for Bartleby, therefore,
sympathy for him. On the contrary, the narrator also scorns Bartleby's
persistence after he stops copying: "In plain fact, he had now become a
millstone to me…"(1149). In this respect, the narrator also represents
Melville's literary critics. Behind the relationship between Melville, the
narrator, and Bartleby, one can also see the relationship between the narrator
and an ideal audience that Melville would have wanted. He probably wished that
his writing would be more popular among the readers, although he professed his
own demise with Bartleby's atrophy. His other employees, Turkey, Nippers, and
Ginger Nut, were similar to other writers who inspired Melville, such as
Nathaniel Hawthorne. The narrator describes them as "most valuable" and
"accomplishing a great deal"(1133). However, this inspiration from other
authors could have depressed Melville, who was not nearly as successful. In
"Bartleby, the Scrivener", Melville tries to relate to the reader and explain
his declining situation. This story, on an allegorical level represents
Melville, his life, and what he wished his reading audience would understand
about him. This is probably what he wanted, but readers, initially, see a
melancholy story about the condition of humanity.